Cultural politics of ethnicity: discourses on Roma in Communist Czechoslovakia

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Contents Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 9 Structure of the Book 17 I Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks 23 1.1 The Problem of Writing Romani Culture 25 1.2 Discursive Frames of Social Control 39 1.3 Political Location of Power 44 1.4 Gendered Frames 54 II Reframing Injustice: Towards New Politics of Ethnicity 63 11.1 Gypsies as a “Foreign Element" 66 11.2 On the Road to Socialism 82 11.3 The Anti-nomadic Legislation and the Process of Implementation 91 III Culture as a “Tool of Incarceration” 103 111.1 Genealogy of the Gypsy Myth 105 111.2 Roma Images in Popular Culture 114 111.3 Romani Culture in Academic Writing 121 56 VERA SOKOLOVA IV “Amare Něvo Drom” 133 IV. 1 Romani Renaissance in the late 1960s 137 IV.2 The Union of Gypsies-Roma 143 IV. 3 Economie Problems and Dissolution of the Union 158 V Becoming a Gypsy: Social Scientific Discourses 177 V. 1 Anthropology of Deviance 179 V.2 Demographic Constructions of the “Gypsy Family” 187 V. 3 Education as a Civilizational Frontier 197 VI Planned Parenthood behind the Curtain: Sterilization of Romani Women 207 VI. 1 Czechoslovak Population Policy 213 VI.2 “Enlightened Racism” in Medical Discourse 222 VI.3 The Gendered Nature of Romani Sterilization 234 VI.4 The Thin Ice of Genocide 240 Conclusions 247 Xenophobia and Racism in the Past and Present 247 “Free to Hate” 253 The “Gypsy Question” Reframed 258 Bibliography 263